Division 3 A precise phased approach with realistic and binding objectives for each phase

The commitments undertaken by the participating Member States will be fulfilled through national efforts, and concrete projects.

A realistic phased approach is key to preserve the participation of a vanguard of Member States in PESCO and thus, to preserve the principles of ambition and inclusiveness. While participating Member States will work towards achieving all of their commitments as soon as PESCO is officially launched, some commitments can be fulfilled sooner than others. To that end, a phased approach has to be agreed by the participating Member States.

The phases will take into account other existing calendar items (such as the implementation of the EDAP, the launch of the next Multiannual Financial Framework in 2021, and commitments already undertaken by Member States in other frameworks). Two respective phases (2018-2021 and 2021-2025) will allow for the sequencing of commitments. After 2025, a review process will take place. To that end participating Member States will assess the fulfillment of all PESCO commitments and decide on new commitments, with a view to embark on a new stage towards European security and defence integration.